Tyrol /Tirol/ - History, Culture, Photos: Lawinen in Tirol

During these days a critical situation prevails in Tirol, the avalanche danger level is high from region to region /max 7/. Avalanche prone locations are to be found on steep slopes in all aspects, primarily above approximately 2000 m. The reason for the threats are heavy snowfalls and winds of 170 km/h in some parts of the Tyrolean Alps.
Telfs - Buchen, Tirol, Austria, paralysis of road-traffic, 06.01. 2012.

Avalanches in the Tyrolean Alps, is a frequent phenomenon. Some disaster avalanche ended tragically. Below are some examples from the history of the Tirol:
Tirol avalanches of 1916, series of massive avalanches in December 1916 that killed as many as 10,000 troops in the mountainous Tirol region, an area now occupying the northern part of Italy and the western part of Austria during World War I.
Lähn was destroyed by avalanche

Lähn (1112 m) the village of Bichlbach near Reute in Tirol, situated at the watershed of the valley, was called Mittewald till 1456 when an avalanche destroyed the village. This village was also destroyed by an avalanche in 1689.

Galtür today /source: tirol.tl/

The Galtür Avalanche was an avalanche that occurred on February 23, 1999 in the Alpine village of Galtür. The avalanche killed 31 people and is considered the worst Alpine avalanche in 40 years.Three major weather systems originating from the Atlantic accounted for large snow falls totaling around four meters in the area. 'Freeze-thaw' conditions created a weak layer on top of an existing snow pack, further snow was then deposited on top. This, coupled with high wind speeds creating large snow drifts, caused roughly 170,000 tons of snow to be deposited. Soon after the avalanche rescuers began to look for survivors; in 24 hours the rescuers saved 26 people. A rescue dog, Heiko, amply proved the value dogs have in avalanche rescue, saving many lives /Wikipedia/.

These are just some examples, of course. About the current avalanche dangers in Tirol, here: lawine.tirol.gv.at/english/

History of Tyrol

The earliest evidence of human settlement in the area of the Tyrol dates back to the late Neolithic period, and man is known to have lived here ever since. In early history, the Tyrol was a gateway between north and south and a link between two cultural areas - a role that has very much shaped the history of the Tyrol and is still relevant today. The Via Claudia Augusta built by the Romans to connect southern Germany with northern Italy passed through the Tyrol.
In the 13th century, Count Meinhard II of Gorizia combined the titles to the lands to the south and north of the Brenner to create the County of the Tyrol. In 1363 Margarethe Maultasch passed on the County of the Tyrol to the Habsburg Dukes Rudolf, Albrecht and Leopold of Austria. That made the Tyrol one of the Austrian Hereditary Lands.
In the Late Middle Ages, a free peasantry was the norm in the Tyrol rather than serfdom.
In 1511 Emperor Maximilian I issued a national defence proclamation called the "Landlibell", which largely remained in force until 1918. Under this law the Tyroleans were granted the privilege of only having to do military service within the borders and in defence of the Tyrol.
Until the late 18th century, the Habsburgs respected the law and constitution that had developed in the County of the Tyrol. Only later did the Tyrol have to accept the role of a crown territory ruled from Vienna. In 1805 the Tyrol was ceded to the Bavarians, who suspended the constitution, increased taxes, made various ecclesiastical changes and introduced conscription. In 1809 the Tyroleans rose up against the Bavarians under Andreas Hofer. Three times they liberated the Tyrol, but after six months they had to bow to the sheer numbers of the Bavarian forces. As the leader of the revolt, Andreas Hofer is still an object of veneration for many Tyroleans today. After the First World War, the old Tyrolean territories south of the Brenner passed to Italy.
Source: www.tirol.gv.at

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